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APA Style: Home

Write and cite in APA Style

Why do we cite?

  • to distinguish previous from new thought
  • to give credit to the person whose ideas you used
  • to respect intellectual property
  • to help a reader locate the source(s) you used
  • to show that you have investigated your topic well
  • to avoid plagiarism

New Students

Is APA new to you?

Check out this guide from Douglas College for an introduction:

APA Quick Reference

Interactive Content

Use the following table as a guide for in-text citation (modified from APA, 2020, p. 266):

# of Authors Narrative Example Parenthetical Example
1 Bradley (2017) (Bradley, 2017)
2 Janmaat and Rahimova (2018) (Janmaat & Rahimova, 2018)
3 or more Mei et al. (2018) (Mei et al., 2018)

Group author with abbreviation

First citation

Subsequent citations

 

Criminal Intelligence Service Canada (CISC, 2019)

CISC (2019)

 

(Criminal Intelligence Service Canada (CISC), 2019)

(CISC, 2019)
Group author without abbreviation Foundry (2020) (Foundry, 2020)

Photograph (not associated with a museum)

Photographer, P. (Year of publication). Title of photograph [Photograph]. Source. URL

Ryan, S. (2019). Sea smoke on Lake Michigan [Photograph]. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/world/year-in-pictures.html

Note: if the photograph does not have a title, describe the photograph and put that description in square brackets.

Plagiarism

Plagiarism is presenting someone else's work or ideas as your own, without their consent or acknowledgment. You must cite the ideas, information, arguments, phrases or any other intellectual or creative output by another person.

Examples of plagiarism:

  • Copying sentences, paragraphs, data or visuals without citing their source
  • Quoting material without proper use of quotation marks (even if otherwise cited appropriately)
  • Paraphrasing or summarizing information from a source without acknowledgement;
  • Paying someone for writing the assignment
  • Listing a source in the bibliography/reference list that was not cited in the assignment

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